The Border Struggles event that was held at the Urban Ecology Center on Jan. 13 was a day of learning, emotion and sharing.
About 40 individuals attended to hear a compelling two-part presentation by Milwaukee-based Voces de la Frontera. Melissa, a new member to the Voces team, began her presentation with a personal story of involvement in the plight of the Mexican immigrant.
Melissa is of Hispanic heritage. She previously worked in human resources and most recently spent seven years working for a large corporation in the Milwaukee area. Last March, she decided to join her sister in the Milwaukee march against immigration bills. A few days later, she was disciplined with a written warning from her manager. To participate in the march, Melissa took an early lunch but later found out that a co-worker told her manager where she had gone during her time off.
“I knew my boss was racist and that is why she wrote that warning,” Melissa said.
So Melissa went to Voces, met with Christine Neumann-Ortiz, founder of the organization, for legal advice. With an attorney referral, Melissa was able to file a charge with the National Labor Relations Board. Soon after, her manager retired with a severance package and the written warning was destroyed.
“After I knew that I did not want to work for that company anymore, I was lucky and blessed that Christine and Jeanne created a position for me,” Melissa said. “At the time I did not understand why this was happening and it was difficult for me and my family, but it was a blessing.
Melissa went on to give the Voces presentation that outlines the issues surrounding legal and illegal immigration to the U.S. from Mexico.
“Everyone deserves the right to live,” Melissa said. “We believe no human being is illegal.”
Melissa explained that Voces reaches out to any type of immigrant, mainly of Latino descent. Voces maintains ties to statewide, national and international organizations and feel that they are all united in fighting with the same struggle.
Voces offers services to individuals and families, including citizenship classes, legal clinics, labor rights workshops, leadership development, referrals to community resources and agencies and health and safety counseling with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Melissa helped to inform the crowd on reasons behind the Mexican immigration to the U.S. Globalization and free trade agreements in the early 1990s have led to an increase in the cost of living in Mexico, resulting in a massive increase in poverty.
“Globalization led to the rise of regional markets,” Melissa said. “Most trade agreements allow for free movement of companies, not people.”
According to Voces research, 19 million more Mexicans are living in poverty today than in 1994. The cost of the basic food basket in Mexico has increased 257 percent from 1994 to 2004, she said.
Since the adoption of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, 1 million jobs were lost in the U.S. Voces research indicates that Wisconsin was one of the states that was hit the hardest, where one out of every 10 jobs was eliminated.
Part of the mission of Voces is to dispel myths in the U.S. about Mexican immigrants who live in the country without the government knowing.
One myth is that immigrants don’t pay taxes, where in fact they contribute more than $189 billion in taxes each year. Since many of them are using false Social Security numbers to obtain work, they do not receive the benefits of tax breaks, Social Security funds or income tax refunds that American receive.
Another myth is that Mexican immigrants take advantage of the welfare system.
“They need Social Security numbers to take advantage,” Melissa said.
A third myth is that increased border control is the solution and that there is no motivation from Mexico to change the state of the country. Which just is not true, Melissa said.
“We are asking Congress to support fair immigration reform,” she said. “There has been a decrease in the number of people who are able to come over to the U.S. legally. The U.S. is only allowing so many people and the demand is so much higher, that we need to be realistic about it.”
According to Voces research, 50,000 visas are given to Mexicans from the U.S. annually, when in reality there are about 1 million people per year who wish to come to the U.S. to work temporarily or to take up permanent residence.
“We primarily want to focus on legalizing the people who are here,” Melissa said. “We are not looking for amnesty, but a path to legal status.”
Other issues with immigrants who are in the U.S. illegally include parents whose children are U.S. citizens. If caught, many will take voluntary deportation but they have to decide whether to being their children back to a poor nation or leave them in their own country, with the hope they will receive a better life.
Melissa mentioned local organizations that are involved in helping Mexican immigrants get driver’s licenses, legal advice, financial assistance for school lunches and loans.
One organization mentioned in the discussion was www.kiva.org, a Web-based organization that allows individuals to donate $25 to entrepreneurs in developing worlds as a loan that will be repaid.
After Melissa’s presentation, she brought Miguel, a Guatemalan immigrant who volunteers at Voces, to the front of the room to tell his story. He speaks English very well, but chose to tell his story in Spanish while Melissa interpreted. The presentation was cut short because Miguel's compelling story moved Melissa to tears.
Miguel grew up picking beans, cutting corn and doing many other farming-related tasks in Guatemala. He had to walk three hours to his job, so he would stay away from home from Monday through Friday to save him the six hour commute each day.
Miguel said he graduated with honors from his high school but afterward could not find work because he needed experience. His family is very poor and he was the first person in the family to graduate from high school.
“In desperation and because of war I came to the U.S.,” Melissa translated for Miguel. “I risked my life. Passing through Mexico I will never forget what I went through.”
When trying to cross Tijuana, Miguel said he stood for 48 hours because the person he paid for a seat on a bus sold the same seat to someone else.
“I remember when we were trying to cross, there was a person who was heavier and could not keep up with the others,” Melissa translated for Miguel. “I don’t know what happened to him.”
Miguel made it to California and his first job was installing drywall.
“I worked 15 days straight and made $15,” Melissa translated for him.
After the drywall job, Miguel sold popsicles and ice cream on the street. He worked from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. and made $20 per day and $30 on the weekend days.
He recalled working at a restaurant from the early morning until 2 a.m. and made $280 after 15 days.
He worked many days in construction, from sun up to sun down and earned $40 per day.
“I know my story is similar to many others,” Melissa translated for Miguel. “That is why they come here. Not to hurt anyone, not to break the laws, but to work to make money for their families to maintain.”
Back in his hometown, Miguel said 43 percent of the workforce working on the best land works for Chiquita Banana and there is a lot of poverty. When he picked coffee in his country he made 80 cents in quetzal, the Guatemalan currency. Currently, one U.S. dollar is equivalent to about 7.75 quetzals.
“My sister is 34 years old and having a hard time finding a job because after the age of 30 you are considered very old,” Melissa translated for Miguel.
His sister currently sells candy, but if it weren’t for Miguel sending money back home, he does not know where his family would be.
“My hope is, my dream is that we can be together,” Melissa said teary-eyed as she translated for Miguel. “That’s all we want, is to work together and be together.”
The presentation was followed by a screening of Crossing Arizona, a RAINLAKE film directed and produced by Joseph Mathew and Dan DeVivo. The film documents all sides of the immigration issue at the border of Arizona and Mexico.
Heightened security at the California and Texas borders has pushed illegal border-crossers into the Arizona desert at numbers upwards of 4,500 per day. Many are men looking for work, but an increasing number are women and children wishing to reunite with their family members.
The documentary looks at the crisis from the eyes of the immigrants, ranchers whose property and animals are put into danger, humanitarians who put water stations into the desert, and minute men who have taken matters into their own hands.
A copy of Crossing Arizona was purchased by SS Peter and Paul Parish and is available for rent by request at the Parish Office or Parish Library, located at the front of the vestibule.